Statistical Analysis Of Father-Youth Study Essays - Drug Culture

Factual Analysis Of Father-Youth Study Presentation The reason for this examination is to learn the effects of medication mishandling fathers on the medication utilization of their young immature kids. A unique focused on populace were picked for this examination; they are the offspring of medication manhandling fathers who are HIV-positive or in danger of turning out to be HIV-positive. The main considerations used to decide the reliant proportion of pre-adult cannabis use incorporate certain medication mishandling father traits (i.e., illicit medication use, HIV status, and strategies for adapting), and juvenile character which is legitimately influenced by the dad youthful relationship and ecological variables (see pathway to immature weed use). The focal point of this paper will be on the impacts of parent-kid relationship, father's weed utilization and HIV status of the dad on the juvenile's cannabis use. These picked spaces (i.e., set of related factors) are a piece of the examination expected to decide the example of connection between father sedate use and juvenile medication use. This examination is an expansion of a previous investigation of the psychosocial factors identified with the AIDS-hazard practices and techniques for adapting among male infusion sedate clients [e.g., 1]. By concentrating on the parental methodology, it is trust that this data will permit a dad to be a progressively powerful parent and help him in bringing his youngsters up in a way that they wouldn't have to go to medications to adapt to life's challenges (i.e., having a medication manhandling father that is in danger of getting HIV positive). Techniques Members: Members were male volunteers enlisted from AIDS centers and methadone upkeep treatment facilities, with a background marked by medicate misuse (i.e., more likely than not occupied with either infusion tranquilize use or another type of illegal medication maltreatment during the previous five years). Just those volunteers who consented to be met alongside one of their 13-20-year-old youngsters were enlisted for investment. So as to meet all requirements for investment in the examination, the men must be either living with the youngster or have seen the kid in any event multiple times in the previous year (dominant part of the kids live with the mother). A sum of one hundred and one dad kid sets took part in this examination; 71 recognized themselves as African-American and 27 distinguished themselves as White (the other three recognized themselves as other). All dad members had utilized intravenous medications or unlawful medications (other than maryjane or notwithstanding pot) by a non-infusion course of organization inside the previous five years. Members that were not considered for this investigation incorporate the individuals who had AIDS dementia, the individuals who were too wiped out to even think about participating in the examination, and the individuals who had a significant mental issue (i.e., bipolar turmoil or schizophrenia). Every patient willfully revealed his own HIV status. Over 98% of the subjects' reports of their HIV status were affirmed by the ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay) and the Western Blot tests. Of the 101 dad members, 38% were HIV positive and 62% were HIV negative. Just kids who were at that point mindful of their dads' HIV status were able to partake in the investigation. Technique: In the wake of giving educated assent, each father-youngster pair was met for around four hours utilizing an organized survey. The questioners were either instructors or social specialists at an AIDS center or a methadone upkeep treatment facility and had broad experience working with substance abusers or potentially HIV positive patients. Each endeavor was made to coordinate the members and the questioners regarding their ethnic foundations. The meetings were led secretly and the classification of the information was carefully protected. Each father-kid pair member was offered $50 to make up for his/her time and costs. Measures: The scales utilized in this investigation depended on their thing (question) between connection. These scales were assembled into four areas: Father's qualities, father-kid relationship, immature's character, and natural elements. The dad properties incorporate his HIV status, illicit medication use, and techniques for adapting to HIV or the danger of having HIV. The proportion of the dad's illicit medication utilize was gotten from a joined score of the dad's report of his unlawful medication use and the kid's report of the dad's unlawful medication use. It is found in past examinations that by consolidating the parent and youngsters' reactions to measures gives a more prominent consistency than utilizing one

A Novel IS Fiction

A Novel IS Fiction A Novel IS Fiction A Novel IS Fiction By Maeve Maddox Ive saw that a few people talk about fiction books. A tale IS fiction. One can discuss composing a novel OR about composing fiction. To join the two is to wear a belt with suspenders. (Another case of hesitance to let the word accomplish the work.) Recorded as a hard copy terms, fiction is any non-genuine account structure. It might be short or long. It might contain authentic or logical realities, and it might depict characters named for recorded personages, yet the discussions and treatment of occasions are comprehended to have been made up by the creator. Fiction might be written in different lengths. Here are a few rules. A short story is an anecdotal account of no longer than 20,000 words and no shorter than 1,000. Most short stories run somewhere in the range of 3,000 and 10,000 words so they might be perused at a solitary sitting. A novelette is an anecdotal story of from 7,500 to 17,500 words long. A novella is an anecdotal story somewhere in the range of 17,500 and 40,000 words. An ongoing craze called streak fiction worries about the composition of very short stories. Individuals differ concerning the length of glimmer fiction. The main purpose of understanding is that it is shorter than the customary short story, no longer than 2,000 words. Most glimmer fiction is somewhere in the range of 250 and 1,000 words. Different expressions for these short stories are being used. The most established is short story. All the more as of late one hears postcard fiction, miniaturized scale fiction, small scale story, and unexpected fiction. A few sites presently include what are called one sentence stories. The ones Ive read dont have all the earmarks of being anything over all around made sentences one would hope to discover in a traditional story. They will in general be graphic and recounted, however false stories. At long last there is the novel, a long anecdotal account that can be from 60,000-100,000 words. For certain creators 100,000 words are insufficient: James Joyce, Ulysses: 250,000 words (It just appears to be longer.) Victor Hugo, Les Miserables: 513,000 words. Leo Tolstoy, War and Peace: 460,000 words in the first; 560,000 words in English interpretation. Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged: 645,000 words. Samuel Richardson, Clarissa: 969,000 words. (English majors need to peruse this early case of an epistolary novela story told as an assortment of letters.) What's more, THE WINNER IS Marcel Proust, A la recherche du temps perdu (In English Remembrance of Things Past/In Search of Lost Time): 1.5 million words distributed in 13 volumes. NOTE: the above Wikipedia citation has since been rectified to peruse 1.5 million words distributed in 7 volumes. Proust was all the while dealing with this 7-volume landmark when he kicked the bucket. The primary English interpretation, by Scott Moncrief, was distributed in 12 volumes. Distributing history of A la recherche du temps perdu. Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin getting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Fiction Writing class, check our mainstream posts, or pick a related post below:Homograph Examples40 Synonyms for â€Å"Lie†Plurals of Proper Names

The Impact of Music on Our Brain

The Impact of Music on Our Brain Benefits of Playing a Musical Instrument Home›Informative Posts›Benefits of Playing a Musical Instrument Informative PostsThe Impact of Music on Our BrainFor some people, it is an amazing dream and something they promise themselves to do for years. “I will join a rock band. I will take the piano lessons.” If you have a skill to play any musical instrument, it is awesome, because you do something that you are passionate about. It takes willpower and dedication to become good in music. Here is the proof of benefits of being a musician.Playing an Instrument Increases Brain DevelopmentNeuroscientists have carried out a research to examine the impact of music instruction on children’s social and emotional development. According to its results, music learning increases the development of brain and its effectiveness and productivity.The leader of this study, Assal Habibi, says that these results demonstrate that kids with music training are more precise in processing sound in com parison with other children.Playing musical instruments trains the brain. This is also proven by other researches which demonstrated that male  musicians have bigger brains than those men who had no musical training.Special Connections in the BrainThere is an alignment in the parts of the brain which are responsible for music production and social cognition. The recent study carried out in Germany demonstrated that guitarists who were playing together underwent an amazing synchronization of their brains during playing.One more study researched the neural basis of creativity by scanning guitar players who were playing improvisation. According to the research, while playing, they momentarily deactivate the part of the brain which is responsible for conscious thinking.More Symmetrical BrainsWhile guitarists favor left handed agility, pianists learn to hit various notes with both hands simultaneously! It is proven that playing piano from the young are has a huge impact on brain developm ent: it makes brain more symmetrical. The reason is that pianists need to overcome a characteristic congenital for most of us â€"favoring of one hand over another. The central sulcus is the brain’s part which determines the dominant hand. Unlike most people, the central sulcus of a pianist is much more symmetrical. According to some more researches, piano playing makes the brain run much more effectively in general.Besides, such studies can make an inference that all the percussion instruments which involve both hands have similar effect, as well. Therefore, there is an incredible connection between music and the brain.There Is More Than Simply Being a Good MusicianIf you would like to increase the power of your brain, there is a great way to do it. It is proven that people who play musical instruments have different connections within their brain. This means that they are good not just at music. Playing any musical instrument is an awesome passion which can benefit your life in n umerous beautiful ways.

Sample Resume Swain County High School - 884 Words

Swain County High School currently serves students grades 9-12. It has a Freshman Academy (FA) which functions on a hybrid schedule. Students receive 4 credits by attending year-long classes for the two blocks of the day. They are housed in a separate building during these two blocks and then join the rest of the school for 4 electives over the course of two semesters. The FA consists of English 1, Math 1 or Math 2 for those who were proficient in Math 1 in the 8th grade, Health and PE and a class called 21st Century skills, which focuses on transitional issues with freshmen. We offer a team taught, A/B day, year-long schedule for the regular World History and English 2 classes. Outside of these specific hybrid components to the schedule Swain is on a 86 minute block schedule with a 30 minute advisor/advisee period built into the end of the day. Besides the standard required subjects (English, Math, Science, Social Studies, Health and PE) we offer 27 CTE courses with 8 different con centrations, 2 foreign languages with a face to face teacher and several online options, and 4 different types of arts classes (choral, band, theater, and visual arts). We offer seven Advanced Placement (AP) classes. We offer honors in all levels of English, Social Studies and Math, as well as in Biology and Chemistry. The scheduling procedure at SCHS is driven by human resources first then student need second. The number of teachers we have is limited because we are a small rural school.

The Assassination of John F. Kennedy - 1023 Words

November 22, 1963 is a day in which some Americans will remember and some won’t. That Friday at 12:30 P.M the President of the United States was shot at Dealey Plaza, Texas. There have been numerous theories on how the president was killed and how many shooters there were. However we did catch a suspect named Lee Oswald who was a former U.S. Marine sniper, who hated Kennedy’s views, and fled the scene and shot a police officer with his revolver. Many people have the right to blame Oswald but in my mind there were two shooters. In this essay I will explain why I believe this and help support my theory. To explain the way Kennedy was shot we have to do some brief medical background. Kennedy had a bad back which meant that he couldn’t sit†¦show more content†¦This is where people would disbelieve because they would think that it would hit someone in the crowd. However there is a report in which a police motorcycle’s windshield was cracked. The bullet could have shot Kennedy and then hit the windshield. Our skulls are relativity dense making the bullet slow down possibly tumbling afterwards and hit the windshield, and bounce off and land somewhere where no one would have found it. I believe this because we caught Oswald and everyone knew he was the killer. They probably didn’t take a closer look of their surroundings. Instead they looked from Oswald’s point of view and based the Warren Commission of that evidence. Now let’s take a look at the prime suspect in jail and who killed him. Jack Ruby was the guy who killed Oswald while he was being transferred to another jail. He weaved his way up front of the crowd and shot Oswald with his .38 Caliber revolver. Police then arrested Jack right there and put him in jail. Let’s look back on what Jack was formerly and why I think he killed Oswald. First of all Jack was part of the U.S Air Force when he was younger (Biography). So Jack Ruby could have been in t he same base as Oswald and heard about Communism from Oswald. Later after not seeing any action in war he was discharge from the army. He then later became an owner of many clubs inShow MoreRelatedThe Assassination Of John F. Kennedy982 Words   |  4 Pages O’Reilly and Dugard’s book, Killing Kennedy, is about the events leading to President John F. Kennedy being shot, as well as what happened after the assassination. This book also describes the rise and fall of John F. Kennedy. The authors also wrote about the Cold War, Kennedy dealing with communism, and threats of crime. January of 1961, the cold war was growing stronger and Kennedy was struggling with communism. During all of this happening, he was learning what it meant to be a president. HeRead MoreThe Assassination Of John F. Kennedy1620 Words   |  7 Pages Ever since the assassination of John F. Kennedy in 1963, there has been controversy over whether the true gunman was held accountable. The United States Government claimed that it was an easy, open and closed case. They found Lee Harvey Oswald, close to ground zero, with a freshly fired riffle, immediately after JFK was shot. Contrary to the governments report, skeptics argue a vast scope of conspiracies to shed light on what they believe happened that day; ideas ranging from magic bullets, multipleRead MoreThe Kennedy Assassinations By John F. Kennedy Essay1486 Words   |  6 Pages Decades later, the Kennedy assassinations and surrounding mysteries continue holding public interest. Although their notoriety as charismatic leaders is a significant contribution, other factors regarding societal psychology deserve consideration whilst exploring this phenomenon. With these events occurring during a time that allows living witnesses, modern accessible evidence, various media covera ge, and visible modern impact, the mysterious Kennedy assassinations have the capacity to encourageRead MoreJohn F. Kennedy Assassination1618 Words   |  7 PagesJohn F. Kennedy Assassination Was John F. Kennedy’s assassination a single shooter or was it a conspiracy? Since November 22, 1963 people around the world have wondered who it was that shot President Kennedy, and what for. So many questions have formed around this event, not just about who the shooter was, but also questions like what might the world have been like today if the shooting didn’t happen? The Kennedy assassination has been a mystery for many years. A lot of people hear about the differentRead MoreAssassination Of John F. Kennedy1002 Words   |  5 PagesThe Assassination of John F. Kennedy â€Å"Our most basic common link is that we all inhabit this planet. We all breathe the same air. We all cherish our children’s future. And we are all mortal.† President Kennedy stated in his commencement speech at American University on June 10, 1963. John F. Kennedy was an American politician who served as the 35th President of the United States from January 1961 to his assassination in November 1963. There are numerous conspiracy theories involving Kennedy’s assassinationRead MoreAssassination of John F. Kennedy931 Words   |  4 PagesThe John F. Kennedy assassination is believed to be one of the most controversial and debated topics in American History. JFK was one of the most beloved presidents of our time. Other assassinations of presidents didn’t have as many Conspiracy theories compared to the JFK assassination on November 22nd, 1963. Some of the theories include a Government cover-up, Mafia influence, and Cuban President Fidel Castro (Stern). T he assassination of John F. Kennedy in Dallas, Texas, raised many questions thatRead MoreThe Assassination Of John F. Kennedy1500 Words   |  6 PagesOn November 23, 1963, three shots were fired at President John F. Kennedy’s limousine in Dallas, Texas. The first shot went through the president’s neck, the second was the fatal shot that would ultimately end Kennedy’s life. There is a lot of speculation about what really took place in the assassination of John F. Kennedy. Many people believe that Lee Harvey Oswald worked alone, but there are many people across the nation who think differently. Many theories can both support and disprove that LeeRead MoreThe Assassination Of John F. Kennedy Essay967 Words   |  4 PagesThe book I chose to read is The Assassination of John F. Kennedy by Lauren Spencer. It was published in 2002 by The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. It contains 64 pages. This book not only provides information on the killing of President Kennedy, b ut also information on his life, the arrested murderer s life, and more interesting background information and details. This books main objective is to go deeper into the case of John F. Kennedy s assassination, to discuss personal information about suspectsRead MoreAssassination of John F Kennedy1119 Words   |  5 Pagessixth floor of the Texas School Book Depository Building. However, did Lee Harvey Oswald, a crazy lunatic act alone in the assassination of President Kennedy. Both first – hand knowledge and visual evidence allows people to re – examine the events of this day and prove that there were other gunmen involved in the bombardment of our youngest elected president. John F. Kennedy was depicted as a nationwide hero to many Catholics living in the U.S. during the early 1960’s. He was idolized by severalRead MoreThe Assassination Of John F. Kennedy1626 Words   |  7 PagesThe Assassination of John F. Kennedy John F. Kennedy, the 35th President of the United States, was assassinated on November 22, 1963 at 12:30 p.m Central Standard Time in Dallas, Texas while riding in a motorcade in Dealey Plaza.[1] Kennedy was fatally shot by Lee Harvey Oswald while he was riding with his wife, Jacqueline, Texas Governor John Connally, and Connally s wife, Nellie, in a presidential motorcade. A ten-month investigation by the Warren Commission from November 1963 to September 1964

Interprofessional Collaboration Free Essays

Interprofessional communication and collaboration are a significant part of ensuring safe and effective patient outcomes. In the case detailed below the health care team failed to communicate and collaborate care of patient A, ultimately leading to a negative outcome. Patient A is a female white 38 year old G1P0 with Type I diabetes since the age of 9. We will write a custom essay sample on Interprofessional Collaboration or any similar topic only for you Order Now Due to her high risk pregnancy and history of non compliance with medical therapy she had been coming in since 28 weeks gestation for twice weekly non stress tests. One Saturday as patient A was at the hospital for her non stress test she was found to have elevated blood pressure and proteinuria. Dr. A, an obstetrician (OB), who was on call for the weekend decided to send the patient home on bed rest and to follow up with her primary OB physician, Dr. B on Monday. At her follow up appointment with her primary OB, she was found to still have elevated blood pressures, blood sugars in 200’s, 2+ protein in her urine and had some elevated blood work. Primary OB decided Patient A needed to be induced due to patient A’s unstable condition. Primary OB is not on call this particular Monday and asked Dr. C to induce her patient. Dr. C was not happy about inducing her because of her high risk status but agreed to do so. Dr. D, a laborist and pediatrician, wanted the patient transferred to a higher level of care facility because he felt due to patient A’s history best care for the newborn would be at another facility. Dr. D and Dr. C argued about patient A’s care and disposition at the nurses’ station which was in close proximity to patient A’s room. The nurses who were without a manager at the time were unable to control the altercation between Dr. C and Dr. D. Patient A who overheard the discussion eventually asked to be transfer to another hospital to seek care elsewhere. This paper highlights the importance of effective interprofessional collaboration that is missing in this case. As well, potential plans of action and potential outcomes are discussed. Plan to Address Conflict The major conflict in this situation was a lack of communication between providers regarding the best plan of care of the patient. In addition to the obstetrician, members of the interprofessional team should include the pediatrician, a nurse leader, and the patient. Legare et al (2011) describes a stepwise approach to interprofessional collaboration and the shared decision-making process. The members of the interprofessional team must start by exchanging information and options available related to the care of the patient. Next, the values of both the patient and the healthcare providers should be clarified and addressed. The feasibility of each option should be weighed. Often, certain options are not feasible based on resources or time. In this case, the skills and comfort of the healthcare team members needed to be considered. Once a decision is made, the information needs to be disseminated, including the plan of care and rationales for the decision made. SBAR (Situation, Background, Assessment, and Recommendation) is a useful tool in succinct and structured communication. (Boaro, Fancott, Baken, Velji, Andreoli, 2010) To prevent future situations similar to this one, Standard Operating Procedures, or SOPs, should be developed and followed. These SOPs should address staff competency, scope of practice, role clarification, and the resources and limitations of the facility. The interprofessional team should develop these SOPs together to ensure they reflect the values of the involved disciplines. (Gardner, 2010) Additionally, resources are available to aid hospitals in developing a structure for interprofessional collaboration. A national interprofessional competency framework detailed by the Canadian Interprofessional Health Collaborative (CIHC) provides an integrative approach to describe competencies required for the interprofessional collaboration to be effective. They are as follows: (1) interprofessional communication (2) patient/family centered care (3) role clarification (4) team functioning (5) collaborative leadership (6) interprofessional conflict resolution. (CIHC, 2010) CIHC suggests that having a competency framework because it helps the team make sense of the learning practice, it will differentiate matters by relevance, give the team members a chance to apply the learning to practical situations and then associate the learning elements by integrating them. CIHC, 2010) When this patient arrived to the unit, if the team had used the six suggested competencies providing best care for this mom and baby could have been achieved easier. Discussion of Outcomes The intent of interprofessional collaboration is one that will foster the safe practice of all health care professionals, and enables the achievement of better outcomes. Some outcomes needed for this particular situation would be as followed: 1. Shared decision making between all pr oviders involved. What is the best practice that can be provided for a safe outcome for mom and baby? Inducing the mom because it was best practice was made by the OB, but she didn’t factor in safe practice for the pediatric doctor in this situation. 2. Demonstrate professional conduct during inter professional collaboration. Make sure if there are any discussions with team members, disagreements with the care that is being provided that it is not done where the patient can hear it. 3. That the interprofessional team can acknowledge the various skill levels of everyone involved. The pediatric hospitalist is this situation felt that the patient’s diagnosis of Type 1 diabetes, uncontrolled throughout the pregnancy put the baby at risk for having glucose controlled problems and felt that a higher level of care was needed because it was beyond his skills set. Interprofessional collaboration was necessary in this situation. No one discipline has all of the knowledge needed to provided complete patient-centered care. True interdisciplinary patient-centered care includes a partnership between health care professionals as well as the patient. This collaborative and coordinated approach improves patient outcomes and quality of care (Orchard, Curran, Kabene, 2005). In this case, the interprofessional team failed to communicate effectively. This lack of communication and professional conduct led to a failure to recognize the skill levels of the team members, and prevented the team from making a shared decision that would benefit the patient. Conclusion In order for patient A to achieve a positive outcome several factors related to interprofessional collaboration needed to be addressed in this case. First, to improve collaboration and understanding, clear team roles of the health care providers should be defined. Scopes of practice as defined by standard operation procedures and discussions of available resources should be taken into account. In addition, distribution a consistent communication tool such as SBAR could be used. Had the healthcare providers involved with this case practiced as a team, positive outcomes such as: open communication, trust, professionalism and improved patient outcomes and experiences would have been achieved. References Boaro, N., Fancott, C., Baker, R., Velji, K., Andreoli, A. (2010). Using SBAR to improve communication in interprofessional rehabilitation teams. Journal of Interprofessional Care, 24(1), 111-114. Gardner, D. (2010). Expanding scope of practice: Inter-professional collaboration or conflict? Nursing Economics 28(4), 264-266. Legare, F., Stacey, D., Pouliot, S., Gauvin, F. P., Desroches, S., Kryworuchko, J., †¦Graham, I. D. (2011). Interprofessionalism and shared decision-making in primary care: a stepwise approach towards a new model. Journal of Interprofessional Care 25, 18-25. Orchard, C.A., Curran, V., Kabene, S. (2005). Creating a culture of interdisciplinary collaborative professional practice. Medical Education Online. Retrieved from http://med-ed-online.net/index.php/meo/article/viewArticle/4387. Canadian Interprofessional Health Collaborative. ( 2010). A National Interprofessional Competency Framework. Retrieved from http://www.chic.ca/files/CIHC_IPCompetencies_Feb1210.pdf How to cite Interprofessional Collaboration, Papers

Interprofessional Collaboration Free Essays

Interprofessional communication and collaboration are a significant part of ensuring safe and effective patient outcomes. In the case detailed below the health care team failed to communicate and collaborate care of patient A, ultimately leading to a negative outcome. Patient A is a female white 38 year old G1P0 with Type I diabetes since the age of 9. We will write a custom essay sample on Interprofessional Collaboration or any similar topic only for you Order Now Due to her high risk pregnancy and history of non compliance with medical therapy she had been coming in since 28 weeks gestation for twice weekly non stress tests. One Saturday as patient A was at the hospital for her non stress test she was found to have elevated blood pressure and proteinuria. Dr. A, an obstetrician (OB), who was on call for the weekend decided to send the patient home on bed rest and to follow up with her primary OB physician, Dr. B on Monday. At her follow up appointment with her primary OB, she was found to still have elevated blood pressures, blood sugars in 200’s, 2+ protein in her urine and had some elevated blood work. Primary OB decided Patient A needed to be induced due to patient A’s unstable condition. Primary OB is not on call this particular Monday and asked Dr. C to induce her patient. Dr. C was not happy about inducing her because of her high risk status but agreed to do so. Dr. D, a laborist and pediatrician, wanted the patient transferred to a higher level of care facility because he felt due to patient A’s history best care for the newborn would be at another facility. Dr. D and Dr. C argued about patient A’s care and disposition at the nurses’ station which was in close proximity to patient A’s room. The nurses who were without a manager at the time were unable to control the altercation between Dr. C and Dr. D. Patient A who overheard the discussion eventually asked to be transfer to another hospital to seek care elsewhere. This paper highlights the importance of effective interprofessional collaboration that is missing in this case. As well, potential plans of action and potential outcomes are discussed. Plan to Address Conflict The major conflict in this situation was a lack of communication between providers regarding the best plan of care of the patient. In addition to the obstetrician, members of the interprofessional team should include the pediatrician, a nurse leader, and the patient. Legare et al (2011) describes a stepwise approach to interprofessional collaboration and the shared decision-making process. The members of the interprofessional team must start by exchanging information and options available related to the care of the patient. Next, the values of both the patient and the healthcare providers should be clarified and addressed. The feasibility of each option should be weighed. Often, certain options are not feasible based on resources or time. In this case, the skills and comfort of the healthcare team members needed to be considered. Once a decision is made, the information needs to be disseminated, including the plan of care and rationales for the decision made. SBAR (Situation, Background, Assessment, and Recommendation) is a useful tool in succinct and structured communication. (Boaro, Fancott, Baken, Velji, Andreoli, 2010) To prevent future situations similar to this one, Standard Operating Procedures, or SOPs, should be developed and followed. These SOPs should address staff competency, scope of practice, role clarification, and the resources and limitations of the facility. The interprofessional team should develop these SOPs together to ensure they reflect the values of the involved disciplines. (Gardner, 2010) Additionally, resources are available to aid hospitals in developing a structure for interprofessional collaboration. A national interprofessional competency framework detailed by the Canadian Interprofessional Health Collaborative (CIHC) provides an integrative approach to describe competencies required for the interprofessional collaboration to be effective. They are as follows: (1) interprofessional communication (2) patient/family centered care (3) role clarification (4) team functioning (5) collaborative leadership (6) interprofessional conflict resolution. (CIHC, 2010) CIHC suggests that having a competency framework because it helps the team make sense of the learning practice, it will differentiate matters by relevance, give the team members a chance to apply the learning to practical situations and then associate the learning elements by integrating them. CIHC, 2010) When this patient arrived to the unit, if the team had used the six suggested competencies providing best care for this mom and baby could have been achieved easier. Discussion of Outcomes The intent of interprofessional collaboration is one that will foster the safe practice of all health care professionals, and enables the achievement of better outcomes. Some outcomes needed for this particular situation would be as followed: 1. Shared decision making between all pr oviders involved. What is the best practice that can be provided for a safe outcome for mom and baby? Inducing the mom because it was best practice was made by the OB, but she didn’t factor in safe practice for the pediatric doctor in this situation. 2. Demonstrate professional conduct during inter professional collaboration. Make sure if there are any discussions with team members, disagreements with the care that is being provided that it is not done where the patient can hear it. 3. That the interprofessional team can acknowledge the various skill levels of everyone involved. The pediatric hospitalist is this situation felt that the patient’s diagnosis of Type 1 diabetes, uncontrolled throughout the pregnancy put the baby at risk for having glucose controlled problems and felt that a higher level of care was needed because it was beyond his skills set. Interprofessional collaboration was necessary in this situation. No one discipline has all of the knowledge needed to provided complete patient-centered care. True interdisciplinary patient-centered care includes a partnership between health care professionals as well as the patient. This collaborative and coordinated approach improves patient outcomes and quality of care (Orchard, Curran, Kabene, 2005). In this case, the interprofessional team failed to communicate effectively. This lack of communication and professional conduct led to a failure to recognize the skill levels of the team members, and prevented the team from making a shared decision that would benefit the patient. Conclusion In order for patient A to achieve a positive outcome several factors related to interprofessional collaboration needed to be addressed in this case. First, to improve collaboration and understanding, clear team roles of the health care providers should be defined. Scopes of practice as defined by standard operation procedures and discussions of available resources should be taken into account. In addition, distribution a consistent communication tool such as SBAR could be used. Had the healthcare providers involved with this case practiced as a team, positive outcomes such as: open communication, trust, professionalism and improved patient outcomes and experiences would have been achieved. References Boaro, N., Fancott, C., Baker, R., Velji, K., Andreoli, A. (2010). Using SBAR to improve communication in interprofessional rehabilitation teams. Journal of Interprofessional Care, 24(1), 111-114. Gardner, D. (2010). Expanding scope of practice: Inter-professional collaboration or conflict? Nursing Economics 28(4), 264-266. Legare, F., Stacey, D., Pouliot, S., Gauvin, F. P., Desroches, S., Kryworuchko, J., †¦Graham, I. D. (2011). Interprofessionalism and shared decision-making in primary care: a stepwise approach towards a new model. Journal of Interprofessional Care 25, 18-25. Orchard, C.A., Curran, V., Kabene, S. (2005). Creating a culture of interdisciplinary collaborative professional practice. Medical Education Online. Retrieved from http://med-ed-online.net/index.php/meo/article/viewArticle/4387. Canadian Interprofessional Health Collaborative. ( 2010). A National Interprofessional Competency Framework. Retrieved from http://www.chic.ca/files/CIHC_IPCompetencies_Feb1210.pdf How to cite Interprofessional Collaboration, Papers